The Yarlung Tsangpo River is the biggest river in Tibet and the highest altitude river in the world. Originating from the Jiemayangzong Glacier at northern foot of Himalayas in the south of Tibet, it rushes forward from west to east between the Himalayas and Gandise Mountains, and flows northeastward at Pailong Village of Linzhi County, and then turns swiftly to southward, and finally crosses over the frontier at Bashika. It is called Brahmaputra as it flows through India and called Gyamna as it flows through Bangladesh. It joins with Ganges at Gyamna and inpour into Bay of Bengal of India Ocean. 

In the heart of the Tibetans, the Yarlung Tsangpo River weighs as the same as the Sacred Mountain Kailash (Kangrinboqe) and the Holy Mapam Yamco (Manasarovar Lake). It was said that the “Yarlung” was the ancestor of the Tibetan chieftain, and Tsangpo is the inflexion of “Tsanpu”. As an honorary title, "Tsanpu" was present in Tibetan history for the first king who united the Tibetan plateau and founded the independent Tubo Kingdom. The Tibetans call the large rivers "Zangpo". 

Located in the big curve of Yarlung Tsangpo River in Pailong Village, Yarlung Tsangpo River Grand Canyon is the deepest and longest canyon in the world. 

Yarlung Tsangpo River forms a huge valley in the south areas of China that is an important source of barley in China. As it flows into Indian, it is called Brahmaputra River and is an important place of tea production.

Summer is the flood season of Yarlung Tsangpo River. Its main sources of supply are the ice and snow melt water from Qinghai -Tibet Plateau and abundant precipitation that is formed by summer monsoon from the southwest.

The runoff of the Yarlung Tsangpo River amounts to about 139.5 billion steres, accounting for one-twentieth of the total runoff of china, twice over the Yellow River but inferior to the Yangtze River and Zhu Jiang (Pearl River). Its natural hydropower reserves is about 0.1 billion kilowatt, which is equal to the one-seventh of all river water energy reserves in China, but next to Yangtze River and ranking second among rivers in China. Its hydropower reserves of unit river length and unit area excesses the Yangtze River and acclaims to be the number one in China.